Phoenician Tanning Bed

★★★SEALED★★ NEW Designer Skin Phoenician Silicone Dark Indoor Tanning Bed Lotion ★★★SEALED★★ NEW Designer Skin Phoenician Silicone Dark Indoor Tanning Bed Lotion Paypal US $37.50 19d 16h 34m
DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN & JWOWW TANNING BED LOTION DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN & JWOWW TANNING BED LOTION Paypal US $50.54 17d 19h 52m
DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN / OBSIDIAN TANNING BED LOTION DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN / OBSIDIAN TANNING BED LOTION Paypal US $79.95 17d 15h 6m
DESIGNER SKIN BLACK AND PHOENICIAN TANNING BED LOTION DESIGNER SKIN BLACK AND PHOENICIAN TANNING BED LOTION Paypal US $66.95 17d 15h 13m
PHOENICIAN Designer Skin Tanning Bed Lotion use w Black PHOENICIAN Designer Skin Tanning Bed Lotion use w Black Paypal US $39.78 1d 21h 59m
Designer Skin PHOENICIAN Tanning Bed Lotion Silicone Designer Skin PHOENICIAN Tanning Bed Lotion Silicone Paypal US $37.50 5d 18h 3m
NEW DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN SILICONE INTENSIFIER INDOOR TANNING BED TAN LOTION NEW DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN SILICONE INTENSIFIER INDOOR TANNING BED TAN LOTION Paypal US $32.55 5d 19h 27m
DESIGNER SKIN 14 KARAT /  PHOENICIAN TANNING BED LOTION DESIGNER SKIN 14 KARAT / PHOENICIAN TANNING BED LOTION Paypal US $57.80 25d 19h 26m
DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN DARK TANNING BED LOTION NEW DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN DARK TANNING BED LOTION NEW Paypal US $37.50 25d 15h 17m
NEW PHOENICIAN INDOOR DARK TANNING BED LOTION SILICONE NEW PHOENICIAN INDOOR DARK TANNING BED LOTION SILICONE Paypal US $95.95 8d 15h 55m
5 SAMPLE PACKETS PACKS DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN INDOOR TANNING BED LOTION 5 SAMPLE PACKETS PACKS DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN INDOOR TANNING BED LOTION Paypal US $13.95 4d 23h 35m
LOT OF 2 DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN SILICONE ACCELERATOR INDOOR TANNING BED LOTION LOT OF 2 DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN SILICONE ACCELERATOR INDOOR TANNING BED LOTION Paypal US $66.95 21d 4h 14m
LOT OF 2 DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN & JUICY MOISTURIZER AFTER TANNING BED LOTION LOT OF 2 DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN & JUICY MOISTURIZER AFTER TANNING BED LOTION Paypal US $50.14 14d 13h 38m
2 ~ Designer Skin PHOENICIAN Tanning Bed Lotion WOW! 2 ~ Designer Skin PHOENICIAN Tanning Bed Lotion WOW! Paypal US $66.95 5d 18h 3m
LOT 2 Designer Skin PHOENICIAN BLACK Tanning Bed Lotion LOT 2 Designer Skin PHOENICIAN BLACK Tanning Bed Lotion Paypal US $59.50 7d 1h 17m
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Phoenician Tanning Bed

What is the best indoor tanning lotion for sensitive skin?


I have senstive fair skin and I want to start going to the tanning bed, so I was wondering what tanning lotions won't burn my skin. I have been looking at things like Spellbound, Phoenician, and Goddess by designer skin but I don't know if they will work or if there is something better.

Please let me know what you think may work.

Also- don't tell me tanning beds are bad...I know all of this. I am well aware. Thank you :)

the ones they sell at the place are usually good, and it's nice if you can buy the one time use ones. as a rule, for sensitive skin, the fewer ingredients the better, so stay away from bronzers and the tingly ones. also see if there are any unscented ones. water should be the first ingredient for the mildest.



★★★SEALED★★ NEW Designer Skin Phoenician Silicone Dark Indoor Tanning Bed Lotion ★★★SEALED★★ NEW Designer Skin Phoenician Silicone Dark Indoor Tanning Bed Lotion Paypal US $37.50 19d 16h 34m
DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN & JWOWW TANNING BED LOTION DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN & JWOWW TANNING BED LOTION Paypal US $50.54 17d 19h 52m
DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN / OBSIDIAN TANNING BED LOTION DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN / OBSIDIAN TANNING BED LOTION Paypal US $79.95 17d 15h 6m
DESIGNER SKIN BLACK AND PHOENICIAN TANNING BED LOTION DESIGNER SKIN BLACK AND PHOENICIAN TANNING BED LOTION Paypal US $66.95 17d 15h 13m
PHOENICIAN Designer Skin Tanning Bed Lotion use w Black PHOENICIAN Designer Skin Tanning Bed Lotion use w Black Paypal US $39.78 1d 21h 59m
Designer Skin PHOENICIAN Tanning Bed Lotion Silicone Designer Skin PHOENICIAN Tanning Bed Lotion Silicone Paypal US $37.50 5d 18h 3m
NEW DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN SILICONE INTENSIFIER INDOOR TANNING BED TAN LOTION NEW DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN SILICONE INTENSIFIER INDOOR TANNING BED TAN LOTION Paypal US $32.55 5d 19h 27m
DESIGNER SKIN 14 KARAT /  PHOENICIAN TANNING BED LOTION DESIGNER SKIN 14 KARAT / PHOENICIAN TANNING BED LOTION Paypal US $57.80 25d 19h 26m
DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN DARK TANNING BED LOTION NEW DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN DARK TANNING BED LOTION NEW Paypal US $37.50 25d 15h 17m
NEW PHOENICIAN INDOOR DARK TANNING BED LOTION SILICONE NEW PHOENICIAN INDOOR DARK TANNING BED LOTION SILICONE Paypal US $95.95 8d 15h 55m
5 SAMPLE PACKETS PACKS DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN INDOOR TANNING BED LOTION 5 SAMPLE PACKETS PACKS DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN INDOOR TANNING BED LOTION Paypal US $13.95 4d 23h 35m
LOT OF 2 DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN SILICONE ACCELERATOR INDOOR TANNING BED LOTION LOT OF 2 DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN SILICONE ACCELERATOR INDOOR TANNING BED LOTION Paypal US $66.95 21d 4h 14m
LOT OF 2 DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN & JUICY MOISTURIZER AFTER TANNING BED LOTION LOT OF 2 DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN & JUICY MOISTURIZER AFTER TANNING BED LOTION Paypal US $50.14 14d 13h 38m
2 ~ Designer Skin PHOENICIAN Tanning Bed Lotion WOW! 2 ~ Designer Skin PHOENICIAN Tanning Bed Lotion WOW! Paypal US $66.95 5d 18h 3m
LOT 2 Designer Skin PHOENICIAN BLACK Tanning Bed Lotion LOT 2 Designer Skin PHOENICIAN BLACK Tanning Bed Lotion Paypal US $59.50 7d 1h 17m
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★★★SEALED★★ NEW Designer Skin Phoenician Silicone Dark Indoor Tanning Bed Lotion ★★★SEALED★★ NEW Designer Skin Phoenician Silicone Dark Indoor Tanning Bed Lotion Paypal US $37.50 19d 16h 34m
DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN & JWOWW TANNING BED LOTION DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN & JWOWW TANNING BED LOTION Paypal US $50.54 17d 19h 52m
DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN / OBSIDIAN TANNING BED LOTION DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN / OBSIDIAN TANNING BED LOTION Paypal US $79.95 17d 15h 6m
DESIGNER SKIN BLACK AND PHOENICIAN TANNING BED LOTION DESIGNER SKIN BLACK AND PHOENICIAN TANNING BED LOTION Paypal US $66.95 17d 15h 13m
PHOENICIAN Designer Skin Tanning Bed Lotion use w Black PHOENICIAN Designer Skin Tanning Bed Lotion use w Black Paypal US $39.78 1d 21h 59m
Designer Skin PHOENICIAN Tanning Bed Lotion Silicone Designer Skin PHOENICIAN Tanning Bed Lotion Silicone Paypal US $37.50 5d 18h 3m
NEW DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN SILICONE INTENSIFIER INDOOR TANNING BED TAN LOTION NEW DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN SILICONE INTENSIFIER INDOOR TANNING BED TAN LOTION Paypal US $32.55 5d 19h 27m
DESIGNER SKIN 14 KARAT /  PHOENICIAN TANNING BED LOTION DESIGNER SKIN 14 KARAT / PHOENICIAN TANNING BED LOTION Paypal US $57.80 25d 19h 26m
DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN DARK TANNING BED LOTION NEW DESIGNER SKIN PHOENICIAN DARK TANNING BED LOTION NEW Paypal US $37.50 25d 15h 17m
NEW PHOENICIAN INDOOR DARK TANNING BED LOTION SILICONE NEW PHOENICIAN INDOOR DARK TANNING BED LOTION SILICONE Paypal US $95.95 8d 15h 55m
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Tanning Bed


Tanning Bed


$70.1


A tanning bed or sunbed is a device emitting ultraviolet radiation (typically 95 UVA and 5 UVB, +/3) used to produce a cosmetic tan. Regular tanning beds use several fluorescent lamps that have phosphor blends designed to emit UV in a spectrum that is somewhat similar to the sun. Smaller, home tanning beds usually have 12 to 28 100 watt lamps while systems found in salons can run from 24 to 60 lamps, each consuming 100 to 200 watts.There are also high pressure tanning beds that generate primarily UVA with some UVB by using highly specialized quartz lamps, reflector systems and filters. These are much more expensive, thus less commonly used. A tanning booth is quite similar to a tanning bed, but the individual stands while tanning and the typical power output of booths is higher. Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Timpledon, Miriam T./ Marseken, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 92 Publication Date: 2010/07/15 Language: English Dimensions: 6.00 x 9.02 x 0.22 inches

PHOENICIAN RESIDENCES


PHOENICIAN RESIDENCES


$1440


YEAR BUILT 2007 YEAR REMODELED 2007ADDITIONAL PROPERTY DESCRIPTION RECIPIENT OF THE AAA 5 DIAMOND AWARD.. PHOENICIAN RESIDENCES.. LUXURY COLLECTION RESIDENCE CLUB CONTINUES TO SET NEW STANDARDS FOR STYLE AND SERVICE. OUR 250 ACRES AT THE BASE OF CAMELBACK MOUNTAIN CONTAIN EVERYTHING YOU COULD DESIRE ONE OF AMERICAS BEST RESORT GOLF COURSES.. THE CENTRE FOR WELL BEING SPA.. A TENNIS COMPLEX.. NINE SWIMMING POOLS.. AND ELEGANT VENUES. PRIVATE VILLAS OVERLOOK THE VERDANT PHOENICIAN GOLF COURSE AND ARE EQUIPPED WITH EXCLUSIVE FEATURES LIKE A FULL BARBECUE AREA.. PRIVATE POOL.. SMOOTH WOOD FLOORS.. AND MORE. FROM THE IMPORTED IRISH LINEN TO THE RICH HARDWOOD FLOORS.. OUR TWO AND THREE BEDROOM VILLAS FEATURE AN ARRAY OF SEDUCTIVE AMENITIES.. INCLUDING LUXURIOUS OVERSIZED BATHROOMS.. COZY EGYPTIAN COTTON TOWELS.. PLUSH BATHROBES.. AND AN ENTRANCING TRAVERTINE FIREPLACE. ROH MAX OCCUPANCY 8 MAX NBR OF ROLLAWAYS 3 ROOM DESCRIPTION FROM THE IMPORTED IRISH LINEN TO THE RICH HARDWOOD FLOORS..VILLAS FEATURE AN ARRAY OF SEDUCTIVE AMENITIES..INCLUDING LUXURIOUS OVERSIZED BATHROOMS..COZY EGYPTIAN COTTON TOWELS..ENTRANCING TRAVERTINE FIREPLACE..SMOOTH WOOD FLOORS AND FEATURE GOLF VIEWS..FULL BARBECUE..PRIVATE POOL..TWICE DAILY MAID SERVICE..13 INCH PLASMA TV..SIGNATURE LUXURY COLLECTION BED..WASHER/DRYER..CAPPUCINO MAKER..COMPLIMENTARY BOTTLED WATER..FULL BARBECUE..CD PLAYER..NIGHTLY TURNDOWN SERVICE..TURNDOWN WATER AMENITY AND WAKE UP SERVICE. THERAPEUTIC TURNDOWN AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST. ROOM AMENITIES BALCONY / BATHROBE / BATHROOM AMENITIES / CABLE/SATELLITE TV / COFFEE/TEA MAKER / COLOR TV / DIRECT DIAL TELEPHONE / DVD / HAIRDRYER / IRON/IRONING BOARD / KITCHEN / PRIVATE BATH OR SHOWER / REMOTE CONTROL TV / SAFE / TELEPHONE / TELEVISION TECHNOLOGY DATAPORT / HIGH SPEED INTERNET ACCESS / TWO LINE TELEPHONE CHARGEABLE AMENITIES HIGH SPEED WIRELESS 12.95 USD

Too Faced Tanning Bed In A Tube


Too Faced Tanning Bed In A Tube


$28


Throw away those tanning goggles and say “good bye” to sun damaged skin with Too Faced’s Tanning Bed in a Tube! A wonder-lotion that adds an instant bronze glow with a gradual sunless tanner to give you that “just got back from the Caribbean” sex appeal. The yummy Pina Colada scent has an intoxicating “vacation in a tube” vibe which will make them wonder where in the world you have been. Tanning Bed in a Tube – Star Qualities! Too Face Sugar based formula tans skin evenly without streaking Plant derived emolloents moisturizes skin Subtle Colada scent sweeps you away on a Caribbean breeze Doesn’t rub off on clothes Directions: Use daily to build your sunless tan and keep your body in bikini shape all year long! Won’t streak or rub off onto clothing who knew becoming a bronzed beauty was so easy? Net Weight: 177 ml / 6 ml Ingredients: Water (Aqua), Carthamus Tinctius (Hybrid Safflower) Seed Oil, Cetyl Alcohol, Glycerin, Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Castor Oil, Glyceryl Stearate, PEG-100 Stearate, Erythrulose, Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Seed Oil, Tocopheryl Acetate, Potassium Cetyl Phosphate, BHT, Dimethicone, Cyclopentasiloxane, Cylcohexasiloxane, Ammonium Acryloydimethyltaurate/VP Copolymer, Sodium PCA, Disodium EDTA, Dihydroxyacetone, Phenoxyethanol, Methylparaben, Butylparaben, Isobutylparaben, Citric Acid, Fragrance (Parfum), Coumarin May Contains: Mica, Tin Oxide, Iron Oxides (CI 77891, CI77491, CI77499)

The Phoenician


The Phoenician


$261.73


The Phoenician > PHX > 6000 E Camelback Rd > Scottsdale > AZ > 85251>Location. The Phoenician is located at the base of Camelback Mountain on 250 meticulously groomed acres in Scottsdale, Ariz. This Sonoran Desert luxury property stands two miles from Old Town Scottsdale. Hotel Features. The Phoenician resort's light infused lobby features cascading fountains, elaborate crystal chandeliers, inlaid marble floors and a sampling of the resort's 25 million dollar art collection. Dining options include a seasonally changing French gourmet menu at Mary Elaine's, which is open select evenings during dinner hours. The Terrace offers a menu that includes Kobe top sirloin and pan roasted Atlantic salmon. Windows on the Green prepares southwestern style dinners and displays a carved travertine fireplace, regional paintings and American Indian pottery. Additional dining options include the Thirsty Camel Lounge, the 19th Hole Snack Bar and Patio, and the Lobby Tea Court. The hotel features nine outdoor pools, one lined with mother of pearl tiles. A 27 hole championship golf course with a pro shop and clubhouse is on site. The Tennis Garden features 11 lighted courts, a Wimbledon grass court, an automated practice court, a pro shop and a clubhouse. The Centre for Well Being offers health and beauty treatments including the Kachina Salt Skin Cleanse, the Golf Meditation and Table Thai acupressure. A fitness studio features cardiovascular and weight training equipment. Funicians Kids Club offers themed adventures and organized activities for children ages 5 to 12. Guestrooms. This property offers 647 guestrooms and 108 casitas with private balconies or terraces that overlook the Valley of the Sun. Décor includes sage and ivory color schemes, crown moldings, richly crafted wooden furniture, Berber carpets, marble tabletops, pewter lamps and signed original artworks. Beds are draped with 500 thread count imported Italian linens. Bathrooms feature inlaid Italian marble, and separate bathtubs and showers. Expert Tip. This resort arranges personalized tours of regional attractions such as the red rocks of Sedona, the Grand Canyon, Flagstaff and western ghost towns that include the famed mining town of Jerome.>The preferred airport for The Phoenician is Phoenix, AZ (PHX Sky Harbor Intl.) 9.2 km / 5.7 mi. Distances are calculated in a straight line from the property’s location to the point of interest or airport and may not reflect actual travel distance. Distances are displayed to the nearest 0. 1 mile and kilometre.

The Tanning Bed Murders


The Tanning Bed Murders


$25.34


No Synopsis Available

Phoenician Merchants


Phoenician Merchants


$49.99


Phoenician Merchants - Giclee Print

Phoenician Traders


Phoenician Traders


$39.99


Phoenician Traders - Giclee Print

Wolff Systems Solar Storm 24S 24-lamp Tanning Bed with Face Lamps


Wolff Systems Solar Storm 24S 24-lamp Tanning Bed with Face Lamps


$5171.62


Experience the ultimate in home tanning with the Solar Storm 24s tanning bed. You can expect salon quality tanning from this bed with high performance features.Paired with a 30-percent larger tanning surface for quicker, more even results and maximum comfortTunnel design completely surrounds tanners for all-over tanning results in less time Durable aluminum frame ensures minimal maintenance and a longer life18 extremely efficient high-output lamps in the bench of the bedSix extremely efficient high-output dual facial lamps shower your face with extra UV light for faster tanning with maximum resultsHigh-glossed aluminum reflectors engineered for maximum tanning power and efficiency High-performance acrylic sheets maximize UV light for a faster, darker tanExtra-long tanning 78 x 34 inches wide tanning surface Assembly required.

Wolff Systems Solar Storm 32S 32-Lamp Tanning Bed


Wolff Systems Solar Storm 32S 32-Lamp Tanning Bed


$6465.17


Experience the ultimate in home tanning with the Solar Storm 32s tanning bed. You can expect salon quality tanning from this bed with high performance features.Tunnel design completely surrounds tanners for fast all-over tanning resultsExtremely durable aluminum frame to ensure easy maintenance and long life24 extremely efficient high-output lamps in the bench of the bedEight extremely efficient high-output dual facial lamps to shower the face with extra UV light for a faster, darker tanHigh-glossed aluminum reflectors for maximum tanning power and efficiency High-performance acrylic sheets allow the maximum amount of UV light for a faster, darker tan Hour counter to keep tracked of the hours used on the bedExtra-long tanning bed is 78 inches long x 34 inches wideSome assembly required

Phoenician Ship


Phoenician Ship


$34.99


English School Phoenician Ship - Giclee Print

Map: Phoenician Empire


Map: Phoenician Empire


$19.99


Map: Phoenician Empire - Giclee Print

Three Phoenician Amphorae


Three Phoenician Amphorae


$49.99


Three Phoenician Amphorae - Giclee Print

Wolff Systems Solar Storm 24-bulb Tanning Bed with MP3 Audio System


Wolff Systems Solar Storm 24-bulb Tanning Bed with MP3 Audio System


$4569.76


This Solar Storm 24-bulb Tanning Bed with Face Tanner comes with additional features, an added MP3 Player and Body Cooling fan. Tanning bed helps you get your skin to be the perfect color18 extremely efficient high-output lamps in the bench and canopy of the bed6 extremely efficient high-output dual facial lamps shower your face in extra UV light for a darker tan while reducing exposure timeTunnel design completely surrounds tanners for a faster, all-over tanUses a 110V/20 amp hook-up Extra-long tanning surface promises comfort for all sizes Surface measures 78 inches long x 34 inches wideDurable aluminum frame ensures easy maintenanceHigh-performance acrylic sheets provide maximum UV light for faster, deeper bronzing resultsDelivered 98-percent preassembled to allow faster, easier assemblySome assembly required

Wolff Systems Sun Storm 16RL 16-lamp Home Tanning Bed


Wolff Systems Sun Storm 16RL 16-lamp Home Tanning Bed


$3619.36


Enjoy the relaxation of a warm, soothing tan in the privacy of your own home. This residential tanning bed from Sun Technologies boasts 16 efficient high-output lamps, and the tunnel design completely surrounds tanners for fast allover tanning results.110 volts, and designed for regular household electrical outletsNo extra cost for electricians and special wiringExtruded aluminum construction provides titanic stability to ensure a long life with little maintenance Eight extremely efficient high-output lamps in the bench of the bedEight extremely efficient high-output lamps in the canopy of the bedHigh-glossed aluminum reflectors for maximum tanning results and efficiencyHigh-performance acrylic sheets maximize the amount of UV light for a darker tan in less timeDelivered 98-percent preassembledAssembly Required

Wolff Systems Solar Storm 220V 24 Lamp Tanning Bed


Wolff Systems Solar Storm 220V 24 Lamp Tanning Bed


$5171.62


Enjoy the relaxation of a warm, soothing, salon-quality tan in the privacy of your own home. This residential tanning bed from Sun Technologies promises quicker, even results and maximum comfort. The Solar Storm will give you more time to show off your sun-kissed good looks.30-percent larger tanning surface than most bedsHigh output lamps surround you with efficient, high powered UV light which ensures you will spend less time tanningTunnel design completely surrounds tanners for a faster, all-over tanDurable aluminum frame ensures easy maintenance while standing the test of time18 extremely efficient high-output lamps cover the bench of the canopy bed6 extremely efficient high-output dual facial lamps shower your face in extra UV light for a darker tan while reducing exposure timeHigh-glossed aluminum reflectors for maximum tanning power and efficiencyHigh-performance acrylic sheets provide maximum UV light for faster, deeper bronzing resultsDelivered 98-percent preassembledTanning surface area measures 78 inches long x 34 inches wide Requires 220V dedicated circuit with NEMA 6-20 receptacleAssembly Required

Tanning  Funny White T-Shirt by CafePress


Tanning Funny White T-Shirt by CafePress


$22


Life's Basic Necessities - Food, Shelter, and TANNING Funny Tanning Shirt lets others know that you're passionate about your tan. This shirt makes a great Birthday Gift or Christmas Gift. Funny White T-Shirt Tee, TShirt, Shirt The white t-shirt is a timeless classic for a reason; it should be a staple in every wardrobe. It is clean, simple, and durable. The best part is you can wear it with anything. This 100% cotton T-shirt is so comfortable you'll want to wear it to bed.

Rather Be Tanning  Humor White T-Shirt by CafePress


Rather Be Tanning Humor White T-Shirt by CafePress


$22


Do you LOVE tanning? Humor White T-Shirt Tee, TShirt, Shirt The white t-shirt is a timeless classic for a reason; it should be a staple in every wardrobe. It is clean, simple, and durable. The best part is you can wear it with anything. This 100% cotton T-shirt is so comfortable you'll want to wear it to bed.

Phoenician Traders in Africa


Phoenician Traders in Africa


$49.99


Angus Mcbride Phoenician Traders in Africa - Giclee Print


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Linen

Linen is a textile made from the fibers of the flax plant, Linum usitatissimum. Linen is labor intensive to manufacture, but when it is made into garments, it is valued for its exceptional coolness and freshness in hot weather. It is superior to cotton in this regard.

obey">http://www.himfr.com/buy-obey_shirts/">obey shirtsTextiles in linen weave pattern made of cotton, hemp and other non-flax fibers may also be loosely, if improperly, referred to as "linen", which can make the exact meaning of the word linen, depending on the context. Such fabrics generally have their own specific names other than linen, for example, fine cotton yarn in linen weave is called Madapolam

The collective term linens is still often used generically to describe a class of woven and even knitted bed, bath, table and kitchen textiles. The name linens is retained because traditionally, linen was used for many of these items. In the past, the word "linens" was also used to mean lightweight undergarments such as shirts, chemises, waistshirts, lingerie, and detachable shirt collars and cuffs, which were manufactured almost exclusively of linen.

Linen textiles appear to be some of the oldest in the world: their history goes back many thousands of years. Fragments of straw, seeds, fibers, yarns, and various types of fabrics which date back to about 8000 B.C. have been found in Swiss lake dwellings. Linen was used in the Mediterranean in the pre-Christian age.

Linen was sometimes used as currency in ancient Egypt. Egyptian mummies were wrapped in linen because it was seen as a symbol of light and purity, and as a display of wealth. Some of these fabrics, woven from hand spun yarns, were extremely fine, and cannot be matched by modern spinning techniques.

Today linen is usually an expensive textile, and is produced in relatively small quantities. It has a long "staple" (individual fiber length) relative to cotton and other natural fibers. [1]
Flax fiber

Flax fibers vary in length from about 25 to 150 centimeters (18 to 55 in) and average 12-16 micrometers in diameter. There are two varieties: shorter tow fibers used for coarser fabrics and longer line fibres used for finer fabrics. Flax fibers can usually be identified by their “nodes” which add to the flexibility and texture of the fabric.

The cross-section of the linen fiber is made up of irregular polygonal shapes which contribute to the coarse texture of the fabric. [2]

Highly absorbent and a good conductor of heat, linen fabric feels cool to the touch. Linen is the strongest of the vegetable fibers, with 2 to 3 times the strength of cotton. It is smooth, making the finished fabric lint free, and gets softer the more it is washed. However, constant creasing in the same place in sharp folds will tend to break the linen threads. This wear can show up in collars, hems, and any area that is iron creased during laundering. Linen has poor elasticity and does not spring back readily, explaining why it wrinkles so easily.

Linen fabrics have a high natural luster; their natural color ranges between shades of ivory, ecru, tan, or grey. Pure white linen is created by heavy bleaching. Linen typically has a thick and thin character with a crisp and textured feel to it, but it can range from stiff and rough, to soft and smooth. When properly prepared, linen fabric has the ability to absorb and lose water rapidly. It can gain up to 20% moisture without feeling damp.[citation needed]

When freed from impurities, linen is highly absorbent and will quickly remove perspiration from the skin. Linen is a stiff fabric and is less likely to cling to the skin; when it billows away, it tends to dry out and become cool so that the skin is being continually touched by a cool surface. It is a very durable, strong fabric, and one of the few that are stronger wet than dry. The fibers do not stretch and are resistant to damage from abrasion. However, because linen fibers have a very low elasticity, the fabric will eventually break if it is folded and ironed at the same place repeatedly.

Mildew, perspiration, and bleach can also damage the fabric, but it is resistant to moths and carpet beetles. Linen is relatively easy to take care of, since it resists dirt and stains, has no lint or pilling tendency, and can be dry cleaned, machine washed or steamed. It can withstand high temperatures, and has only moderate initial shrinkage. [2]

Linen should not be dried too much by tumble drying: it is much easier to iron when damp. Linen wrinkles very easily, and so some more formal linen garments require ironing often, in order to maintain perfect smoothness. Nevertheless the tendency to wrinkle is often considered part of the fabric's particular "charm", and a lot of modern linen garments are designed to be air dried on a good hanger and worn without the necessity of ironing.

A characteristic often associated with contemporary linen yarn is the presence of "slubs", or small knots which occur randomly along its length. However, these slubs are actually defects associated with low quality. The finest linen has very consistent diameter threads, with no slubs.

The standard measure of bulk linen yarn is the lea. This is a specific length, or indirect grist system, i.e. the number of length units per unit mass. A yarn having a size of 1 lea will give 300 yards per pound. The fine yarns used in handkerchiefs, etc. might be 40 lea, and give 40x300 = 12,000 yards per pound. The symbol is NeL.

More commonly used in continental Europe is the Metric system, Nm. This is the number of 1,000 m lengths per kilogram.

In China, the English Cotton system unit, NeC, is common. This is the number of 840 yard lengths in a pound.

The quality of the finished linen product is often dependent upon growing conditions and harvesting techniques. To generate the longest possible fibers, flax is either hand-harvested by pulling up the entire plant or stalks are cut very close to the root. After harvesting, the seeds are removed through a mechanized process called “rippling” or by winnowing.

The fibers must then be loosened from the stalk. This is achieved through retting. This is a process which uses bacteria to decompose the pectin that binds the fibers together. Natural retting methods take place in tanks and pools, or directly in the fields. There are also chemical retting methods; these are faster, but are typically more harmful to the environment and to the fibers themselves.

After retting, the stalks are ready for “scutching”, which takes place between August and December. Scutching removes the woody portion of the stalks by crushing them between two metal rollers, so that the parts of the stalk can be separated. The fibers are removed and the other parts such as linseed, shive, and tow are set aside for other uses. The short fibers are separated with heckling combs by 'combing' them away, to leave behind only the long, soft flax fibers.

After the fibers have been separated and processed, they are typically spun into yarns and woven or knit into linen textiles. These textiles can then be bleached, dyed, printed on, or finished with a number of treatments or coatings. [2][3]

An alternate production method is known as “cottonizing” which is quicker and requires less equipment. The flax stalks are processed using traditional cotton machinery; however, the finished fibers often lose the characteristic linen look.

Flax is grown in many parts of the world, but top quality flax is primarily grown in Western Europe. In very recent years bulk linen production has moved to Eastern Europe and China, but high quality fabrics are still confined to niche producers in Ireland, Italy and Belgium.

Over the past 30 years the end use for linen has changed dramatically. Approximately 70% of linen production in the 1990s was for apparel textiles whereas in the 1970s only about 5% was used for fashion fabrics.

Linen uses range from bed and bath fabrics (tablecloths, dish towels, bed sheets, etc.), home and commercial furnishing items (wallpaper/wall coverings, upholstery, window treatments, etc.), apparel items (suits, dresses, skirts, shirts, etc.), to industrial products (luggage, canvases, sewing thread, etc.).[1] It was once the preferred yarn for handsewing the uppers of moccasin-style shoes (loafers), but its use has been replaced by synthetics.

A linen handkerchief, pressed and folded to display the corners, was a standard decoration of a well-dressed man's suit during most of the first part of the 20th century.

Currently researchers are working on a cotton/flax blend to create new yarns which will improve the feel of denim during hot and humid weather.[4]

Linen fabric is one of the preferred traditional supports for oil painting. In the United States cotton is popularly used instead as linen is many times more expensive there, restricting its use to professional painters. In Europe however, linen is usually the only fabric support available in art shops. Linen is preferred to cotton for its strength, durability and archival integrity.

In the past linen was also used for books (the only surviving example of which is the Liber Linteus). Due to its strength, in the Middle Ages linen was used for shields and gambeson (among other roles such as use for a bowstring), much like how in Classical antiquity and Hellenistic Greece linen was used to make multi-plied Hoplite cuirasses. Also because of its strength when wet, Irish linen is a very popular wrap of pool/billiard cues, due to its absorption of sweat from hands. Paper made of linen can be very strong and crisp, which is why the United States and many other countries print their currency on paper that is made from 25% linen and 75% cotton.

Linen has been used for table coverings, bed coverings and clothing for centuries. The exclusivity of linen stems from the fact that it is difficult and time consuming to produce (flax in itself requires a great deal of attention in its growth). Flax is difficult to weave because of its lack of elasticity, and therefore is more expensive to manufacture than cotton. The benefits of linen however, are unmatched.

The Living Linen Project was set up in 1995 as an Oral Archive of the knowledge of the Irish linen industry still available within a nucleus of people who were formerly working in the industry in Ulster . There is a long history of linen in Ireland.

The use of linen for priestly vestments was not confined to the Israelites, but from Plutarch, who lived and wrote one hundred years after the birth of Christ, we know that also the priests of Isis wore linen because of its purity.

When the tomb of the Pharaoh Ramesses II, who died 1213 BC, was discovered in 1881, the linen wrappings were in a state of perfect preservation - after more than 3000 years.

In the Belfast Library there is preserved the mummy of "Kaboolie,' the daughter of a priest of Ammon, who died 2,500 years ago. The linen on this mummy is in a like state of perfection. When the tomb of Tutankamen was opened, the linen curtains were found intact.

In olden days, in almost every country, each family grew flax and wove the linen for its own use; but the earliest records of an established linen industry are 4,000 years old, and come to us from Egypt. The earliest written documentation of a linen industry comes from the Linear B tablets of Pylos, Greece, where linen is depicted as an ideogram and also written as "ri-no" (Greek: ?????, linon), and the female linen workers are catalogued as "ri-ne-ja" (??????, lineia)[5][6].

The Phoenicians, who, with their merchant fleet, opened up new channels of commerce to the peoples of the Mediterranean, besides developing the tin mines of Cornwall, introduced flax growing and the making of linen into Ireland before the birth of Christ, but the internal dissensions, which even in those early days were prevalent in Erin, militated against the establishment of an organized industry, and it is not until the twelfth century that we can find records of a definite attempt to systematize flax production.

When the Edict of Nantes was revoked, in A.D. 1695, many of the Huguenots who had to flee the country settled in the British Isles, and amongst them was Louis Crommelin, who was born, and brought up as a weaver of fine linen, in the town of Cambrai. He fled to Ulster, and eventually settled down in the small town of Lisburn, about ten miles from Belfast.

During the late war Cambrai became well known as one of the centers of the most desperate fighting. The name "cambric" is derived from this town.

Although the linen industry was already established in Ulster, Louis Crommelin found scope for improvement in weaving, and his efforts were so successful that he was appointed by the Government to develop the industry over a much wider range .than the small confines of Lisburn and its surroundings. The direct result of his good work was the establishment, under statute, of the Board of Trustees of the Linen Manufacturers of Ireland in the year 1711.

In the Jewish religion, the only law concerning which fabrics may be used together in clothing regards the mixture of linen and wool. This mixture is called shaatnez and is clearly restricted in Deuteronomy 22:11 "Thou shalt not wear a mingled stuff, wool and linen together" and Leviticus 19:19, "'...neither shall there come upon thee a garment of two kinds of stuff mingled together.'" There is no explanation for this in the Torah and any attempt to explain the restriction is generally considered futile. This is a type of law known as hukim, a statute beyond man's ability to comprehend.

 

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