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Given the system at equilibrium: H2(g)+F2(g)<->2HF(g)+heat. Which change will not shift the point of?

equilibrium?

1. changing the pressure
2. changing the temperature
3. changing the concentration of H2(g)
4. changing the concentration of HF(g)
please explain!!! tyty

In this reaction, all components are gasses, and thus all will affect equilibrium (recall that solids and liquids do not show up in an equilibrium expression). In addition, this reaction is exothermic, thus increasing the temperature (and adding heat) will shift the reaction away from heat - to the left.

However, the equilibrium shift caused by a pressure change is dependent on the number of moles of gas present in the balanced reaction. For instance, increasing the pressure will cause a reaction to shift towards the side of the reaction with fewer numbers of moles. However, since this reaction has equal number of moles of gas on both sides of the reaction, changing the pressure will not cause equilibrium to shift one way or the other.

Therefore, a change in pressure will not cause equilibrium to shift.

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What’s Your Afue? Hub Plumbing and Mechanical of Boston Explains How it Effects Heating Fuel Costs

 

DATELINE: DORCHESTER, MA...

Don’t be alarmed if you don’t know what your AFUE is – most people don’t know the answer or even what the acronym means. However, the AFUE (annual fuel utilization efficiency) of your furnace or boiler provides the key to how much fuel you’ll burn this winter according to John Wood, founder and CEO of Hub Plumbing & Mechanical of Boston.

 

According to the U.S. Department of Energy “Specifically, AFUE is the ratio of heat output of the furnace or boiler compared to the total energy consumed by a furnace or boiler. An AFUE of 90% means that 90% of the energy in the fuel becomes heat for the home and the other 10% escapes up the chimney and elsewhere.”

 

To make comparisons easy for consumers, new models of furnaces and boilers are required to display their AFUE, but it’s also possible to identify and compare a system's efficiency by its equipment features as well. For instance, an old, low-efficiency heating system that utilizes a natural draft for combustion and features a continuous pilot light may have an AFUE of only 68%-72% according to U.S. Department of Energy estimates. “Compared to a high efficiency heating system with an AFUE of 90%-97%, it’s a cold hard fact that replacing an older, less efficient heating system can shave 30% or more off of fuel bills,” notes Wood.

As of mid September, the Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs estimated the average statewide cost of heating oil at $3.82 a gallon. “Although most people know it’s going to take a small fortune to heat their home this winter at those prices, they often don’t really think about the efficiency of their boiler or furnace as long as the unit continues to fire up every heating season,” notes Wood. “Even though a high efficiency boiler or furnace can be expensive to purchase upfront, think about the alternative - literally watching a third or more of your annual heating fuel cost going up in smoke.”

 

U.S. Department of Energy estimates indicate that replacing an existing heating system with an AFUE of 60% with a high efficiency system with an AFUE of 90% could save $33.33 for every $100 of fuel costs. In addition, high efficiency heating systems not only offer a way to save on fuel costs, but also help save the planet. The U.S. Department of Energy points out that, “Upgrading your furnace or boiler from 56% to 90% efficiency in an average cold-climate house will save 1.5 tons of carbon dioxide emissions each year if you heat with gas, or 2.5 tons if you heat with oil.”

 

ENERGY STAR, a joint program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy, provides more food for thought by offering an online savings calculator that helps consumers look at their potential savings when heating with a high efficiency heating system versus a conventional heating system. The free interactive calculator can be found at www.energystar.gov.

 

About Hub Plumbing & Mechanical

Hub Plumbing & Mechanical was established in 1999 and now includes a staff of 16 full time employees. This full service plumbing company assists residential and commercial customers with code violations, sewer/drain clogs, garbage disposals, water heaters, water filtration, steam and hot water boilers, thermostats, leaky faucets, tub valves, gas pipes, appliance installation, outside hose faucets, and residential HVAC service.

 

Hub Plumbing & Mechanical was recently highlighted in a new book entitled “The Celebrity Experience” where Hub Plumbing & Mechanical’s Red Carpet Service was cited as an example of how it’s possible to create faithful life long customers by showering them with treatment usually reserved for celebrities.

 

Hub Plumbing and Mechanical’s signature Red Carpet service features experienced teams of licensed technicians who not only protect your floors with a red carpet, but also cover their work boots with stain-resistant booties, wear ID badges for security purposes, and arrive on time and smartly dressed in crisp, clean uniforms.

 

The company does not charge by the hour, but by the specific project. Hub Plumbing & Mechanical is available 24 hours a day and 7 seven days a week to provide immediate access and peace of mind. Dedicated 2nd and 3rd shift night dispatchers internally handle all calls at Hub Plumbing & Mechanical, not an answering service. The difference between the two enables Hub Plumbing & Mechanical to get real-time info on the customer 24/7 to expedite the call as efficiently as possible.

 

Hub Plumbing & Mechanical Inc. is located at 70 Old Colony Avenue in South Boston, MA 02127. For more information about Hub Plumbing & Mechanical call 1-866-HUBPLUMBING (482-7586), email services@hubplumbing.com, or visit www.hubplumbing.com.

 

 

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